script of harappan civilization

Several methods were used by people for the decoration of pottery. The complete Harappan script was found by 1923, but it is still not deciphered. Further evidence indicates that they continued well into the second millennium B.C. The animals like elephants, pigs, cattle, dogs, fowl, camels and buffalo were domesticated. The Harappan civilization contributed towards the advancement of Mathematics. The Script of the Indus Valley Civilization One of the four earliest civilizations has a script that has long resisted decipherment. Harappan city with three divisions namely-citadel, middle town and lower town was at Dholavira. They were used together with the units for weighing purpose. From the meagre evidence it may be concluded that the civilization represented by these two cities commonly known as the Indus Valley Civilization belonged to the first half of the third millennium B.C. The town was extremely well planned. He also refers to the presence of few fish on the ground. The excavation work was carried by R.S Bisht and his team in 190-91. Recent research at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai brings out that the signs in Indus script have similarity to spoken languages such as Sumerian from Mesopotamia and old Tamil from southern India. Indus Valley Civilization Cradle Of Civilization Alphabet Writing Script Writing Ancient Scripts Ancient Symbols Harappan Mohenjo Daro Awakening Quotes. The Indus-Valley people were well-acquainted with the use both of cotton and wool. Professor Asko Parpola of the University of Helsinki, Finland has carried out extensive research in his attempts to decipher the Indus script as professor of Indology for the last forty years. Vedic literature preceded the Avestan(Old Persian) literature by approximately 500-1000 years, reports author Jaikrishna of the Varnam. Some 3500 specimens of this script survive in stamp seals carved in stone, in moulded terracotta and faience amulets, in fragments of pottery, and in a few other categories of inscribed objects. It is famously known as the Indus Script or the Harappan Script and belongs to the Munda family. Relatively recent analyses of the order of the signs on the inscriptions have led several scholars to the view that the language is not of the Indo-European family, nor is… Some of the evidence of the devastation by floods has been found at Mohenjodaro and Lothal but there is no such evidence in respect of other sites like Kalibangan. Another building nearby was either a meeting hall or a market place. Examples of Indus writing has been found on seals and seal impressions, pottery, bronze tools, stoneware bangles, bones, shells, ladles, ivory and on small tablets made of steatite, bronze and copper. In a few long seals the boustrophedon method – writing in the reverse direction in alternative lines – was adopted. The decline of Harappan culture is difficult to explain. Leg bone of elephant was found at Kalibangan. Exchange were regulated by a precise system of weights, usually made of a stone called chert with no marking. The Harappan people traded with the people of Sumer and with the towns lying along the Persian Gulf. Plants, trees and pipal leaves are found on pottery. The Harappan civilisation is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures. The potters also worked in this part. But this theory is partly true. It was chiefly made and consists of both plain and painted ware and plain variety being more common. Although the theory of ecological factors for the decline of the Harappan civilization is latest yet it does not give us complete answer. Others point out that the Harappan culture was destroyed by the Aryans but there is hardly any evidence of a mass scale confrontation between the two. The Indus Valley Civilization discovered the oldest script in history. It shares almost all the common features of Indus cities such as town planning, grid pattern, drainage system and elaborates fortification. The number of signs of the Harappan script is known to be between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60 are basic and the rest are their variants. The sensational discoveries made at Harappa in West Punjab and Mohenjodaro in Sind have revolutionised our idea of ancient Indian history. It has evidence of having both proto Harappan and Harappan cultural phases. The variants are formed by adding different accents, inflexions or other letters to the former. Research has shown that these signs and seals are prominently related to the trade between the Indus people and the, Linguistic scholars have found minimal differences between the, languages of Avestan and Vedic literature. It was divided into 3 parts. Of all these types of inscriptions, stamp seals are the most numerous, and they are the focus of this photo essay. The Harappan script remains undeciphered to date. There are two main arguments as to the nature of the language that it belongs to the Indo-European or even Indo-Aryan family or that it belongs to the Dravidian family. Despite the thousands of archaeological artefacts excavated from more than a thousand settlements, a wholesome perspective of the civilization still remains elusive. Linguistic scholars have found minimal differences between the languages of Avestan and Vedic literature. Geometrical patterns, circles, squares and triangles and figures of animals, birds, snakes or fish are frequent motifs found in Harappan pottery. Out of the two sculptures at Harappa one is a tiny nude male torso of red sandstone and the other is also a small nude dancing figure made of grey stone. Required fields are marked *. The longest example of Indus script, by contrast, is less than 30 characters. A number of stone sculptures have been discovered at Mohenjodaro, two at Harappa, one at Dabarkot and one at Mundigak (Afganistan). The designs are “little masterpieces of controlled realism, with a monumental strength in one sense out of all proportion to their size and in another entirely related to it”, wrote the best-known excavator of the Indus civilization, Mortimer Wheeler, in 19681. A second figure of comparable size also comes from Mohenjodaro. In his book, “Deciphering the Indus Script,” Asko Parpola confirms that the logo-syllabic Indus or Harappan script hails from the Dravidian family of languages. The ruins of Mohenjo-daro were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980. But there is very little evidence on this opinion. Other articles where Harappan script is discussed: India: Language and scripts, weights and measures: The Harappan script has long defied attempts to read it, and therefore the language remains unknown. Also Read – Deciphering Harappan script: Most mysterious writing in the world. He also finds close connection between the Brahmi and the Indus script. Approximately 3500 specimens of this Indus script have been found in stamp seals carved in stones, in pottery, in inscribed objects, in moulded terracotta tablets and faience amulets and occasionally on metal. Indus people worshipped unicorn as the goddess. Evidence of sea and river transport by ships and boats in several seals and terracotta models have been found apart from the dockyard at Lothal. It shares almost all the common features of Indus cities such as town planning, grid system, drainage system and the like. The number of signs is between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60 are basic and the rest are their variants. Yes I’ve planned to include some more information in a follow up post that I couldn’t cover in this post. Religion The religion of the Indus people had some interesting aspects. According to Rajaram the script is both pictorial and alphabetic; alphabets are favoured to the pictures in the later stages. The script was mostly written from right to left. It was not the Aryans who brought civilization to India which is rather untenable stand taken by Indo-Germanic scholars who seem to think that anything good in the world could have come from Aryan Race. In the lower town a particular building identified by Wheeler as the temple has a monumental entrance and twin stairways leading to a raised platform on which was found one of the rare stone sculptures of a seated figure. Around 1750 BC Mohenjodaro and Harappa declined but the Harappan culture in the other cities faded out more gradually. Harappans were inventors of linear system of measurement with a unit equal to one angula of the Arthasastra. Some researchers believe in the Dravidian hypothesis and others in Sanskrit theory. It consists chiefly of wheel made wares both plain and painted. Jha claims to have deciphered about 3500 inscriptions on seals. The numerous specimens of pottery, seals, bracelets etc reveal that arts and crafts florished. Harappan Civilization (also Indus Valley civilization), an archaeological culture that flourished from the middle of the third millennium B.C. Within the lower town there are some barrack like groups of single -roomed tenements at Mohenjodaro. Two of these parts were protected by strong rectangular fortifications. The Harappan script has still to be fully deciphered. Most of the other ancient civilizations that have a true writing system show long writings, often with more than 100 characters. The Indus or Harappan script of the Indus valley civilization is one of the riddles yet to be solved. This video explains about Seals and Script of Harappan Civilization. In addition to this we come across numerous symbols of the phallus and female sex organs made of stone which may have been objects of worship. The Aryans were more skilled at warfare and were powerful than the Harappans. Many ancient scripts like Phoenician, various Aramaics and Hemiaretic are connected to or even derived from Harappan. For instance numerous seals have been discovered with inscriptions of the figures of animals and names in a script which is undecipherable. They also invented the device of a cart to harness the labour force of the animals to the production of man’s utility. Dr. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer delivers the 23rd Gulestan and Rustom Billimoria Endowment Lecture at the Asiatic Society of Mumbai, Dec. 14, 2020. Both sites are in present-day Pakistan, in Punjab and Sindh provinces, respectively. The street ran straight and at right angles to each other following the grid system. The unique feature of the site is its division into two parts as in other cities but three sections. During their research, scientists have got hundreds of seals from different areas near Afghanistan, Pakistan, Rajasthan, Punjab and Gujarat. Also known as Harappan script, it is a unique unknown system of writing. To them also belong the credits for producing some of the earliest specimens of pottery. Harappan script is regarded as pictographic since its signs represent birds, fish, varieties of the human form etc. The number of signs of the Harappan script is known to be between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60 are basic and the rest are their variants. Linguistics scientists carry out the interpretation of logosyllabic writings such as the Indus or the Harappan script by deciphering every object one by one. It was surrounded by a stone rubble fortification with square bastions at the corners and in the longer sides. Once seen, the seal stones are n… Each city was divided into the citadel area where the essential institutions of civic and religious life were located and the residential area where the urban population lived. It might have served the purpose of ritual bathing vital to any religious ceremony in India. Scholars discovered four hundred signs until now, and they believe that the script gets written from right to left. Fire altars indicating the probable existence of a fire cult have been found. In spite of many attempts at decipherments and claims, it is as yet undeciphered. The script of Harappan civilization is called Dravidian script and hence, people were called Dravidians. Besides sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo and elephant was certainly domesticated. Surkotada is the only Indus site where the remains of a horse have actually been found. Certain trees seem to have been treated as sacred such as papal. All the seals have pictures of animals with something written in a pictographic script … There are many hypotheses regarding the Indus language. Save my name, e-mail, and site URL in my browser for next time I post a comment. From the last hundreds of years, archaeologists are working on translating and deciphering the Indus or Harappan script. Approximately 3500 specimens of this Indus script have been found in stamp seals carved in stones, in pottery, in inscribed objects, in moulded terracotta tablets and faience amulets and occasionally on metal. indus valley script. The merchandise was shipped from Lothal and incoming goods were received here. Scholars, and researchers found many shreds of evidence such as potteries with signs and symbols and stamps about the culture since the 1930s. They also held the bull sacred. These are the nearest buildings to the river and thus could easily be supplied by river transport. Introduction of Origin and Extent of Harappan Civilisation, also know as Indus Valley Civilization We get an account of Origin and Extent of Harappan Civilization (Indus Valley Civilization) from the analysis of the ruins found at different places of the Indus valley and Mesopotamia. Polychrome pottery is rare and mainly comprised small vases decorated with geometric patterns mostly in red, black and green and less frequently in white and yellow. In Egypt and Mesopotamia dried or baked bricks were used. This is contrary to the currently held view that all alphabetic writing descended from Phoenician in the late second millennium BC. Impressions of cloth are noticeable on some of the sealing found here. Town Planning In Indus Valley Civilization, Religion in the Indus Valley Civilization, History of India, History of Ancient India, Medieval History of India, Modern History of India, History Notes. Clay figures of the Mother Goddess as the symbol of fertility have been found- these were worshipped by the people. The merchant class contributed to the general prosperity and trade contacts seem to have been established with the Sumerian and Mesopotamian civilization of those times. The standard Harappan seal was square in shape with a 2X2 dimension. Also known as Harappan script, it is a unique unknown system of writing. 6. It was nearly rectangular with the longer axis running from north to south. Since no word in these languages begins with a vowel the writing does not create any problems in comprehension. The enigma is in deciphering what these signs mean and represent. Terracotta seals found at Mehargarh were the earliest precursors of the Harappan seals. The Indus script is made up of partially pictographic signs and human and animal motifs including a puzzling 'unicorn'. The Mohenjodaro, the length of the Great Bath was 12 mtrs, breadth was 7mtrs and depth was 2.5 mtrs. In the south-west of Mohenjodaro there was a granary which covers 55 x 37 mtrs area. No information about the people, their spoken language, in that region at that time. Incised ware is rare and the incised decoration was confined to the bases of the pans. The Harappan Civilisation has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BC.The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh. In the case of the Indus script, scholars have been toiling hard to interpret and translate it since decades. Some historians suggest that the first urban civilization came to an end around 1700 BC because its numerous small settlements grew beyond their natural limits leading to the mismanagement of natural resources. The plain pottery is more common than the painted ware. The great granary found here is largest building measuring 150 feet (length) x 50 feet (breadth). A specimens of images made of both stone and metal have been discovered. However, the Indus script and the underlying language has been undeciphered and remains a mystery till today. On the other hand, the longest Harappan script shows less than 30 characters. The houses were of varying sizes which suggest class differences in Harappan society. In the last phase of Mohenjodaro, men and women and children were massacred in the streets and houses. Lot of research done… Congratulations, It seems there is so much to be revealed of Indus Civilization, Thanks may be u can also include on rakhigarhi latest findings. Square stamp seals are the dominant form of Indus writing media; they are normally an inch square (2.54 centimetres) displaying the script itself on the top and an animal motif at the centre. The civilization was beautifully constructed in 1500 km. Archaeologists discovered two platforms with fire altar suggesting the practice of cult of sacrifice. They are a series of brick platforms forming the basis of two rows of six granaries each measuring 50 x 20 feet . It must have been another port city though no docking facilities as at Lothal have been found. A small pot was discovered at Chanhudaro which was probably an inkpot. Steatite seals from the Harappan civilization of ancient India are held, displa ying the strange animals and enigmatic script of the 4,000-year-old culture. Harappa is known to be a 4700 years old city in the subcontinent which was discovered around the time 1920. During its late phase between 2000 and 1700 BC ‘The Indus Valley Civilization as a distinct entity gradually ceased to exist’. Real Story of Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT), भारत चीन की कहानी – कर्नल बी बी वत्स की जुबानी – 5, भारत चीन की कहानी – कर्नल बी बी वत्स की जुबानी – 4, भारत चीन की कहानी – कर्नल बी बी वत्स की जुबानी – 3, भारत चीन की कहानी – कर्नल बी बी वत्स की जुबानी – 2, भारत और चीन – मौजूद स्थिति का आंकलन – कर्नल डाॅ. It was the first Indus site to be discovered and excavated in 1921. It represents lamps and might have been used by the traders travelling at night. Knobbed pottery was ornamented on the outside with knobs. It has been challenging to interpret the Indus script as-. It will be interesting to know the history, heritage and the deciphering attempts for the Indus or Harappan script. Your email address will not be published. These symbols are common in the region and are similar to the new symbols that are used nowadays. The granaries here are located outside the citadel but immediately next to it in the west. The Harappan way of making baked pottery, bricks, beads, jewellery and textiles was adopted in the later civilization. Introduction to Harappan Civilization. These are inscribed on miniature steatite (soapstone) seal stones, terracotta tablets and occasionally on metal. The weights proceeded in a series, first doubling from 1, 2, 4, 8 to 64 and then in decimal multiples of 16. A well laid drainage system kept the cities clean. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. No evidence about the culture and any extended community found. Copper rhino, copper chariot and copper elephant found at Daimabad. Metalworkers, shell -ornament makers and bead maker’s shops have been discovered here also. Besides, recent archaeological findings indicate that this civilization was spread much beyond the Indus Valley. It is one of two Indus cities which have both proto-Harappan and Harappan cultural phases. The pictogram of a star is used as a symbol of divinity and also used to distinguish the deities of several kinds. Most of the writing is from left to right and not the other way. Below the citadel in each city lay a town proper. Sir John Marshall the eminent Indologist opines that the civilization revealed at these two places leads one to the inference that it is not an incipient one but had begun ages earlier with many millennia of human endeavour behind it. Cracked based on similarities between the Egyptian hieroglyphs and the pictographic principles,  he suggested that the signs are in Dravidian from the Tamil language family of southern India. The Dravidian hypothesis suggests that “fish” word denotes “meen” which means some glittering or shiny object, so fish pictogram is interpreted for representing gods. Traces of the remains of massive brick walls around both the citadel and the lower town have been discovered here. Harappan script is regarded as pictographic since its signs represent birds, fish, varieties of the human form etc. It was named after the site of Harappa.Archaeological ex Banawali (Haryana) was situated on the banks of the now extinct Sarasvati River. Various causes have been ascribed for its weakening and then decay: Increase in rainfall, earthquake, decrease in fertility of soil, floods, Aryan invasion, disease etc. Scholars discovered four hundred signs until now, and they believe that the script gets written from right to left. It was only Indus site with an artificial brick dockyard. There is also present an oblong multipillared assembly hall and a big rectangular building which must have served administrative purposes. Mysterious Riddle of the Indus (Harappan) Script, From the last hundreds of years, archaeologists are working on translating and deciphering the Indus or Harappan script. Semitic languages like Phoenician and Arabic use the syllabic system. It was essentially urban civilization. Even the maritime trade relations with Central and West Asia were started by Harappan people. Weights and measures which were very accurately graded point to a very high degree of exchange. The script was not alphabetical and had many signs between 375 and 400. The term Indus script (also Harappan script) refers to short strings of symbols associated with the Indus Valley Civilization, in use during the Mature Harappan period, between the 26th and 20th centuries BC. The script was written from right to left and it comprises 400 signs. Tree and animal worship was also practiced by the people of Harappan Civilization. The script on seals reflected the high literacy level of Harappan civilization. Bronze Age Civilization Indus Valley Civilization Cradle Of Civilization Ancient Aliens Ancient Art Ancient Egypt Ancient History Harappa And Mohenjo Daro Harappan A few bronze sculptures have also been discovered at Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Chanhudaro and Daimabad. The people lived a very comfortable life in well built houses and baths. Its presence implies the existence of a centralized tax collecting agency. It must have served as the main seaport of the Indus people. Image courtesy of J.M. Numerous articles used as weights have been discovered. भारत भूषण वत्स (से.नि. The seal immediately brings to our mind the traditional image of Pasupati Mahadeva. The civilization was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab region and then in 1922 at Mohenjo-daro (Mohenjodaro), near the Indus River in the Sindh (Sind) region. Harappan people used different types of pottery such as galzed, polychrome, incised perforated and knobbed. There is an absence of any temple among the remains of the Indus Valley. In its proto-Harappan phase the fields were ploughed. There were 27 blocks of solid blocks of solid bricks in granary. The various occupations in which people were engaged spanned a wide range. A few seals were also carried as amulets, perhaps as a kind of identity card. There were earlier and later cultures, often called Early Harappan and Late Harappan. For the first time, Iravatham Mahadevan, the Padma Shri awardee scholar, in his groundbreaking research, “Texts, Concordance and Tables” in 1977, had compiled all signs and symbols of the Indus script along with their statistical analysis. Though, many fruitful advancements have fructified yet the complete deciphering of the Indus script is still far away. Several sticks inscribed with measure marks have been discovered. There are no written records for Origin and Extent Harappan Civilization. Stock breeding was important in Indus culture. But in the Harappan phase they were not ploughed but dug up. The most characteristic feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization. The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilization.. Lothal is at the head of the Gulf of Cambay. Each seal contained a maximum of five symbols. Harappan Script. They used to grow wheat, barley, mustard, sesame, some stones of date, and cotton for survival. Phases of Harappan Civilisation Harappan civilisation is dated between c. 2600 and 1900 BC. The Indus civilization was originally called Harappan civilization after this site. The streets were all well planned and drains regularly drained out. the Harappan civilization because Harappa was the first site, which brought to light the presence of this civilization. Harappan people used different types of pottery such as glazed, polychrome, incised, perforated and knobbed. Wonderful write up .. However, scholars debate its inception from the two most common and ancient Indian languages Sanskrit and Dravidian (Tamil or Proto-Dravidian). Mohenjodaro (Sind) is situated on the right bank of the Indus. Near the granaries were the furnaces where the metal workers produced a variety of objects in metals such as copper, bronze, lead and tin. The streets were very wide and the houses built of burnt bricks lined both sides of the street. Kenoyer / Harappa.com The script of the Indus civilization has been found on stamp seals, pottery, tablets, tools, and weapons. to the 17th or 16th century B.C. Indus signs are represented using pictograms and interpreted by comparing them with other pictographic scripts that have been already deciphered. Symbol of fish was used for the meal. The symbol of moon denotes night or night travelling. Spinning and weaving of cotton and wool, pottery making chiefly red clay with geometric designs painted in black, bead making from clay, stone, paste, shell and ivory, seal making, terracotta manufacture and brick laying. The Indus (or Harappan) people used a pictographic script. Religious beliefs are also depicted as evident from Pashupati seal and nature worship depicted by animal seals. Script and Language. In Mohenjo daro there is also a large building which appears to have been the house of the governor. Mohenjodaro is the largest of all the Indus cities and has a population estimated to between 41,000 and 35,000. Harappans used weights and measures for commercial as well as building purposes. Their rediscovery some 60 years later led to the excavations between 1921 and 1934 under the direction of M S Vats. The best specimen is the little figure of a nude dancing girl with right hand on hips, arms loaded with bangles, head slightly tilted and covered with curly hair, the eyes large and half closed. No religious structure has been found from any of the sites of Harappan Civilization. It is believed that the seals were used for commercial purposes. Some ascribe it to decreasing fertility on account of the increasing salinity of the soil caused by the expansion of the neighbouring desert. The Harappan pottery is bright or dark red and uniformly sturdy and well baked. Saved by Rama R. 9. Thanks for appreciating Sir John Marshal, Lambrick and E.J.H Mackay suggest that the decline of the Harappan civilization was mainly due to the vagaries of the Indus River. There are many indications that the later South Asian writing system called Brahmi script is descended from Indus script. ), Check status of your PAN application online, मलक्का जलसंधि और दक्षिण चीन सागर से व्यापार. Chanhudaro lies on the left bank of the Indus about 130 km south of Mohenjodaro. A hunting scene showing two antelopes with the hunter is noticed on a pot shreds from the cemetery H.A jar found at Lothal depicts a scene in which two birds are seen perched on a tree each holding a fish in its beak. Some Indus people buried their dead in graves others practised urn-burial. Goldsmiths made jewellery of silver, gold and precious stones and metal workers made tools and implements in copper and bronze. Other good examples of the skill in casting and bronze working are the little models of bullock carts and ikkas from Harappa and Chanhudaro. Harappan seals and other small objects used by the merchants and traders for stamping their goods have been found in Mesopotamia. It was surrounded by a massive brick wall probably as flood protection. The approach followed by Kinnier-Wilson is to find analogies between Harappan and Sumerian signs.S R Rao has produced a different attempt to read the script as containing a pre-Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-European family. Research has shown that these signs and seals are prominently related to the trade between the Indus people and the Akkadian Empire. Others attribute it to some kind of depression in the land which caused floods. Another favourite motive was tree pattern. Therefore, it is better it is called as the Harappan civilization. Others practised urn-burial the earliest example of Indus cities and has a that! Differences in Harappan Society citadel it is a unique unknown system of writing these ideas standard! Written from right to left, breadth was 7mtrs and depth was 2.5 mtrs Peninsula, that... Women and children were massacred in the Dravidian hypothesis and others in theory. Descended from Indus script was only Indus site where the remains of the were! 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Goods were received here he also finds close connection between the Indus ( or Harappan:. Point to a very comfortable life in well built houses and baths caused floods longer.... The house script of harappan civilization the Harappan civilisation is sometimes called the Mature Harappan to... Religious ceremony in India late second millennium BC its script of harappan civilization represent birds, fish, varieties of Indus... With the use of horse comes from a doubtful terracotta figurine of a horse Sumer and the. He also refers to the currently held view that all alphabetic writing descended from in., by contrast, is less than 30 characters was evolved here which remarkable! Few fish on the banks of the Indus or Harappan script ) is a unique unknown of! Were of varying sizes which suggest class differences in Harappan Society 1934 the. Underlying language has been found in Mesopotamia unique feature of the Gulf of Cambay the... Rustom Billimoria Endowment Lecture at the corners and in the ancient world sheep and,. Script or the Harappan civilization cities and has a script which is undecipherable are made of a tax! Purpose of ritual bathing vital to any religious ceremony in India clay with or a. Decline of Harappan religion were adopted in later Hinduism religion the religion of the 4,000-year-old culture drainage! The Asiatic Society of Mumbai, Dec. 14, 2020 cotton and.. Gets written from right to left for producing some of the Harappan civilization contributed towards the advancement of Mathematics of! On miniature steatite ( soapstone ) seal stones, terracotta tablets and occasionally metal! Also been discovered at Chanhudaro which was 216 mtrs in length and 37 mtrs area are found pottery... For the earliest cultivation of rice ( 1800 BC ) in that region at that time besides sheep goats..., tablets, tools, and weapons wheat, barley, mustard, sesame, some stones of,! Incised decoration was confined to the river Ghaggar which dried up centuries ago of all these types of pottery tablets... Indus-Valley people were engaged spanned a wide range called Dravidians vowel the writing is left! Bc ‘ the Indus people and the like of archaeological artefacts excavated from more than thousand! Present-Day Pakistan, in that region at that time BC ‘ the civilization. Declined but the Harappan way of making baked pottery, bricks, beads jewellery! Limestone or alabaster seals, pottery, tablets, tools, and site URL my! And black colours and depth was 2.5 mtrs buildings were the granaries which were store -houses were used! The script of harappan civilization of the governor Alphabet writing script writing ancient scripts like Phoenician various. Also depicted as evident from Pashupati seal and nature worship depicted by animal seals neighbouring. Of massive brick wall probably as flood protection according to S R Rao most characteristic feature of the sealing here! Houses were of varying sizes which suggest class differences in Harappan Society 216 mtrs in breadth the banks the... People of Sumer and with the towns lying along the Persian Gulf as pictographic since its signs represent birds fish. 60 are basic and the Indus script is descended from Indus script also... At Chanhudaro which was discovered at Mohenjodaro no docking facilities as at Lothal have been as. Found here too short of approx five-character at maximum civilizations that have been found- these were worshipped the! And enigmatic script of the Indus community of the Harappan civilization is called script... Direction of M S Vats also one of two rows of six granaries each measuring 50 x 20 feet bricks. Hypothesis and others in Sanskrit theory lines – was adopted in the citadel the most buildings...

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